Equinix and NUS College of Design and Engineering Explore the Viability of Hydrogen for Sustainable Power Generation

SINGAPORE – October 4, 2023 – Developing alternate renewable power sources is vital to maintaining uptime for data centers, ensuring global connectivity and business continuity remain uninterrupted. Equinix, Inc. (Nasdaq: EQIX), the world’s digital infrastructure company®, together with the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Centre for Energy Research & Technology (CERT) under the College of Design and Engineering (CDE) at the National University of Singapore (NUS), today announced the results of their green hydrogen fuel technology study.

As one of the world’s first research projects to explore proton-exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells and/or alternate generator technologies as environmentally viable backup power supply options for data centers, the study assessed various types of alternative power supplies and their reliability, cost, operating conditions and environmental impact. Several systems that can feasibly utilize hydrogen as an energy source were spotlighted as potentially viable alternative solutions that operate on renewable energy. Based on specified conditions, environmental factors and operating requirements, data center operators will now have access to additional insights they need to help make an informed decision when implementing alternate fuel supply systems.

Hydrogen fuel cells have emerged as a potentially dependable solution to address the intermittent nature of weather-dependent renewable energy sources such as wind and solar. When renewable energy generation fluctuates due to dynamic weather conditions, hydrogen fuel systems could act as an efficient backup power source so that data centers stay online. Further developing hydrogen technologies could potentially create a robust energy security buffer that reduces the effect of unpredictable power interruptions and dependence on non-renewable backup fuel sources.

Yee May Leong, Managing Director, South Asia, Equinix said: “It’s exciting to see the collaboration between Equinix and the NUS CDE yield formative research that has led to insightful findings for alternate fuel sources. This also demonstrates the wealth of innovation and R&D talent available in Singapore. Representing a cumulative and concerted effort to drive meaningful impact in sustainability for the data center industry, the results are also a promising development for Singapore’s hydrogen aspirations. We will continue to work with CDE to accelerate disruptive technologies that can reduce the carbon footprint of global data centers, particularly in tropical locations.”

Associate Professor Lee Poh Seng, Director, Centre for Energy Research and Technology, NUS College of Design and Engineering, said, “The feasibility study with Equinix aligns with Singapore's national hydrogen strategy and provides actionable insights for global data center sustainability. Our analysis highlights PEM fuel cells and alternate generator technologies as promising backup power solutions, especially in tropical climates. This collaboration marks a significant step toward a sustainable digital economy, and we look forward to extending our partnership with Equinix for broader impact locally, regionally and globally.”

Associate Professor Sanjib Kumar Panda from the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, NUS College of Design and Engineering, said: “By partnering with Equinix, we were able to unlock new research opportunities that explore alternative green solutions to power data centers. Continued research will contribute to the development of hydrogen-fueled alternative power sources in Singapore, one that could potentially be applied globally as well.”

Highlights of the Findings

• In an effort to reduce reliance on non-renewable fuel-driven generators as backup power supplies, the study performs a comprehensive analysis of several on-site power generation technologies that could be used as data center backup power supplies. Each system was evaluated based on technical parameters that include temperature limits, start-up times, efficiency, fuel flexibility, the total cost of ownership and net present cost.
   
• The feasibility study compares key metrics of proton-exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells, and alternative generator technologies based on hydrogen-fueled, to inform data center operators regarding the optimal system to implement and operate as a viable backup power supply. The second installment of the report will explore the costs associated with larger-scale data centers or facilities with higher energy demands (24 megawatts) on continuous use (prime power) applications.

Key Facts

• Equinix operates 250 data centers across 71 metros, providing digital infrastructure for more than 10,000 of the world’s leading businesses. It achieved 96% renewables coverage for the entire 2022 operational load, marking the fifth consecutive year with over 90% renewables coverage.
   
• Fuel cells are an important component of Equinix’s strategy to achieve cleaner energy, resiliency and energy security. By the end of 2022, Equinix deployed 43.5 megawatts (MW) of fuel cells in the USA and has plans to install additional capacity globally, targeting to have over 75MW of reliable and efficient power in operation by the end of 2024.
   
• In 2022, Equinix invested a total of US$45 million toward energy efficiency projects globally, resulting in associated annual energy consumption reduction of approximately 69,000 megawatt hours and a 5.5% year-on-year reduction in power usage effectiveness (PUE), reaching a global annual average of 1.46.
   
• In 2021, Equinix became the first data center company globally to commit to being climate neutral by 2030 for its entire global footprint aligned with an approved near-term science-based target.

About Equinix
Equinix (Nasdaq: EQIX) is the world’s digital infrastructure company®. Digital leaders harness Equinix’s trusted platform to bring together and interconnect foundational infrastructure at software speed. Equinix enables organizations to access all the right places, partners and possibilities to scale with agility, speed the launch of digital services, deliver world-class experiences and multiply their value, while supporting their sustainability goals.

Forward Looking Statements
This press release contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Actual results may differ materially from expectations discussed in such forward-looking statements. Factors that might cause such differences include, but are not limited to, risks to our business and operating results related to the COVID-19 pandemic; the current inflationary environment; foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations; increased costs to procure power and the general volatility in the global energy market; the challenges of acquiring, operating and constructing IBX and xScale® data centers and developing, deploying and delivering Equinix products and solutions; unanticipated costs or difficulties relating to the integration of companies we have acquired or will acquire into Equinix; a failure to receive significant revenues from customers in recently built out or acquired data centers; failure to complete any financing arrangements contemplated from time to time; competition from existing and new competitors; the ability to generate sufficient cash flow or otherwise obtain funds to repay new or outstanding indebtedness; the loss or decline in business from our key customers; risks related to our taxation as a REIT and other risks described from time to time in Equinix filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. In particular, see recent and upcoming Equinix quarterly and annual reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, copies of which are available upon request from Equinix. Equinix does not assume any obligation to update the forward-looking information contained in this press release.

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Appendix – Key Research Findings

The research project conducted by Equinix as well as the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and the Centre for Energy Research & Technology under the NUS College of Design and Engineering explores various environmentally viable backup power supply options for data centers to ensure uninterrupted reliable operations in the event of a power outage. Hydrogen-fueled generators, PEM fuel cell systems and alternative generator technologies are put into consideration. 

The study includes evaluation of technical parameters such as efficiency, temperature variations, start-up time, ramp rate to reach full load, fuel flexibility, and evaluation of total cost of ownership (TCO) and Net Present Cost (NPC)¹ of each system.

The key findings are summarized as follows:

• The efficiency of PEM fuel cells is the highest (45% – 57%) followed by alternative generator technologies (44% – 47%), and hydrogen-fueled generators (34% – 40%).
   
• The fuel consumption per megawatt hours (MWhr) is the lowest for PEM fuel cells followed by alternative generator technologies and hydrogen-fueled generators.
   
• PEM fuel cells (0 – 50^oC) and hydrogen generators (15 – 40^oC) have narrow permissible operating conditions and require tight control of temperature, humidity, and ventilation whereas alternative generator technologies (-20 – 50^oC) have broader operating limits.
   
• Considering green hydrogen as the fuel input, PEM fuel cells have no emissions, which is considered as an environmentally friendly option for power generation technology. Alternative generator technologies and hydrogen generators have a certain level of greenhouse gas emissions.
   
• Considering start-up time and ramp rate to maximum power, systems including hydrogen-fueled generators, alternative generator technologies and fuel cell systems all have an auxiliary battery system designed to ensure uninterrupted supply to the critical load.

In general, while deciding between hydrogen-fueled generators, fuel cells and alternative generator technologies as backup power options, it is important to carefully consider the requirements, environmental impact, fuel availability, and long-term sustainability objectives.

¹ TCO and NPC are calculated for an approximately 1.2 megawatts system for a 15-year evaluation period in Singapore, presuming the annual operating hours is 48.